1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre.Western economic sanctions and arms embargoes on the People's Republic of China.Jiang Zemin, previously Party Secretary of Shanghai, promoted to General Secretary and paramount leader by Deng Xiaoping.Zhao Ziyang purged from General Secretary and Politburo.Rioters charged with violent crimes were executed in the following months.Protest leaders and pro-democracy activists later exiled or imprisoned.More protests across China in reaction to the crackdown.Soldiers killed, thousands wounded by rioters.Hundreds to thousands killed, thousands wounded inside and outside Tiananmen Square.Civilians – including bystanders, protesters (mainly workers), and rioters barricading the People's Liberation Army (PLA) troops – protesters shot by the PLA and police at multiple sites outside of the square in Beijing.Enforcement of martial law declared by Premier Li Peng in certain areas of Beijing executed by force from 3 June 1989 (declared from 20 May 1989 ( ) – 10 January 1990 ( ), 7 months and 3 weeks).Hunger strike, sit-in, occupation of public square, rioting Nepotism (especially regarding the children of Zhao Ziyang and Deng Xiaoping)Įnd of corruption within the Chinese Communist Party, as well as democratic reforms, freedom of the press, freedom of speech, freedom of association, social equality, democratic input on economic reforms.
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